moderna booster – Go Retire Psychiatrist

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Meeting on COVID-19 Vaccine Boosting: Day Two

The ACIP is back for Day Two of the COVID-19 vaccine boosters meeting. Today the focus will be on Moderna, Janssen, and heterologous boosting. They all got the green light from the FDA. I’ll be writing this post in real time according to the meeting schedule. Effectiveness and safety data will dominate the day. The afternoon presentations will cover the evidence, clinical implications, and policy questions. There will be a vote around 3:30 PM, CDT.

Questions were raised about the intention of using the same volume package of Moderna to administer both the primary series or the booster—just withdrawing half of the volume for the booster (50 micrograms in the booster as contrasted with 100 micrograms of the primary series). It sounds like there were concerns about making procedural mistakes in administration. Pharmacists would be concerned about this, and advocated for a separate booster dose package.

The Janssen vaccine booster data show that it’s safe, and increases protection against symptomatic COVID-19 infection. The combination of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses associated with the Janssen vaccine primary single dose was emphasized. The booster dose is the same as the initial dose. The benefit of the Janssen booster dose might be higher when given at 6 months or later.

The NIH mix and match study showed relatively less boosting from the Janssen vaccine booster. The safety data were mostly reassuring. The study was non-randomized, correlates of protection are not completely elucidated, and not designed to compare between boosts. Heterologous boosts elicited similar or higher serologic responses as compared to their respective homologous booster responses. The 100-microgram dose of Moderna was used as the booster dose initially instead of the 50-microgram dose.

Update after the break:

Safety data were reviewed. Myocarditis/pericarditis rates (Dr. Nicky Klein’s slides) were highest in males age 18-39 years of age who got mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, generally after the second dose (data suggest maybe more from Moderna). Most patients recover. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) is still being monitored in the Janssen vaccine; it’s more common in women. There may be a causal association with TTS; it’s more common in females and it’s rare. There’s a lack of safety problems identified with current surveillance systems associated with heterologous dosing of mRNA and Janssen vaccines. Rare cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) occur with the Janssen vaccine. Risks of the aforementioned vaccines might be less with the booster doses. A couple of committee members expressed concerns about administration of a 2^nd dose of Janssen as a booster given the rare but serious TTS and GBS adverse events. They favored heterologous boosting with mRNA vaccines instead.

After the break: Data were presented showing waning effectiveness of Moderna and Janssen vaccines. Vaccine effectiveness is lower in the Delta period. There is lower vaccine effectiveness for Janssen in those over age 65. In patients with chronic conditions, vaccine effectiveness in Moderna is better than in Janssen. Moderna has 89-100% protection against severe disease. See the Summary and Conclusions slide of Dr. J. Jones (“COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, primary series”). Someone asked about the role of risk behavior which could influence the estimate of vaccine effectiveness, which didn’t generate any solid answers.

See slide 5 in “Evidence for Recommendations” slide deck by Dooling for policy questions. Also see Summary slide 16 and slide 41, “Work Group Interpretation.”

The Clinical Considerations slide deck should be reviewed in its entirety. Although homologous boosting was initially recommended, the final language in the voting questions allowed for flexibility for heterologous boosting according to patient preference and product availability as well as taking into account the risk of TTS and GBS in those patients in higher risk groups for those adverse events. There was a consistent preference among some members for more permissive heterologous boosting.

There was a lot of discussion about the voting questions:

Vote #1: A single booster dose is recommended 6 months after completion of an mRNA series, in the same risk groups for whom CDC recommended a booster dose of Pfizer, under FDA EUA. This passed unanimously.

Vote #2: A single booster dose is recommended for persons aged 18 years, 2 months after receipt of the initial Janssen dose, under the FDA EUA. This passed unanimously.

The meeting was adjourned at around 4:20 PM, CDT.

FDA Advisory Committee Meeting on EUA for Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Today

Today I’m watching the FDA meeting on extending the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Booster application. Right now, I’m in-between presentations and I’ll be updating later this afternoon. I’m skipping the Open Public Hearing.

I’m wondering if the question to vote on will get changed like it did last month for the Pfizer booster. So far, today’s question is:

“10/14 Voting Question:

Question 1) Do available data support the safety and effectiveness of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine for use under EUA as a booster dose (50 mcg mRNA-1273) at least 6 months after completion of a primary series in the following populations:

• Individuals 65 years of age and older,

• Individuals 18 through 64 years of age at high risk of severe COVID-19, and

• Individuals 18 through 64 years of age whose frequent institutional or occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 puts them at high risk of serious complications of COVID-19 including severe COVID-19.”

Dr. Arnold Monto is in fine form and has already starting limiting the number of questions participants can ask. But we’re ahead of schedule and he’s very pleased overall.

My wife, Sena, finally got her Pfizer booster this morning. It has been kind of complicated for her to schedule and she went through a telephone algorithm about a half dozen times. She showed up on the day scheduled a couple of days ago and the pharmacy manager cancelled it, saying it was too early for the 6-month mark (by 2 days) following her 2^nd primary series dose. This morning he apologized for being the “Vaccine Nazi.”

My Moderna booster depends on what happens today, and after the CDC advisory committee makes its decision at their meeting next week Oct 20-21. If approved, I’d get half the dose I received during my primary series (50 mcg instead of 100 mcg)—provided I don’t run into the Vaccine Nazi.

Anyway, this morning’s meeting went fairly well; only 2 people forgot to unmute their microphones. The Israeli researchers gave a presentation on their updated booster program that impressed committee members, who called the data “compelling.” As I recall, last month, some people raised questions about their definition of COVID-19 disease severity, making it hard to judge how applicable their data results would be in the United States. This morning, they clarified that the disease severity criteria actually came from the NIH (slide 15).

Update around 2:15 PM today: The committee upvoted the question above unanimously.

Tomorrow the committee will take up the issues of J&J boosters and heterologous vaccinations.

FDA Advisory Committee Meetings on COVID-19 Vaccine EUA Amendments for Moderna, J&J Boosters and Heterologous Boosters, Pfizer Vaccine for Children

The FDA Advisory Committee will hold a meeting October 14-15 to discuss amendments to the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Moderna and J&J COVID-19 boosters as well as heterologous boosting (mix and match). New data is available, including NIH preliminary results on the mix and match study.

The FDA also announced a meeting to discuss Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for children age 5-11, which is scheduled for October 26, 2021.

Links to the livestream meetings details are in the press announcement (link above).

Meeting materials are posted here.